Hortus Legendo

Third declension nouns — masculine and feminine only

Here are phrases and short sentences that combine first and second declension adjectives with third declension nouns.  I added "mâter, mâtris" ("mother") and "pater, patris" ("father").  (Note that "pater," unlike "mâter," has a short -a-.)

nominative singular (various endings)

magnus môns
parvus collis
magnus clâmor  ("magnus" here can mean "loud")
bonus pâstor
bonus pater
bonus canis
albus dêns

magna arbor
alba ovis
alba nûbês
ûna nûbês
bona mâter


nominative plural (-ês)

magnî montês
parvî collês
magnî clâmôrês
bonî pâstôrês
bonî patrês
bonî canês
albî dentês

magnae arborês
nigrae ovês
albae ovês
albae nûbês
multae nûbês
bonae mâtrês


accusative singular (-em)

Magnum montem videt.
Parvum collem videt.
Magnum clâmôrem audit.

Magnum clâmôrem audiunt.
Pater bonum canem habet.
Pâstor pânem êst.
Pâstor bonum pânem êst.
Bonus pâstor  bonum pânem  êst.

Magnam arborem videt.
Magnam arborem vident.
Pâstor albam ovem habet.
Pâstor nigram ovem habet.

Pâstor parvam ovem portat.
Pâstor nigram ovem portat.

Albam nûbem videt.
Nûllam nûbem videt.
Bonam mâtrem habet.


accusative plural (-ês)

Magnôs montês videt.
Parvôs collês videt.
Magnôs clamorês audit.
Iûlius bonôs pâstôrês habet.
Pâstor bonôs canês habet.
Lupî  albôs dentês habent.

Magnâs arborês videt.
Pâstor albâs ovês habet.
Lupus prope ovês est.
Pâstôrês albâs nûbês vident.
Multâs nûbês videt.
Multâs arborês videt.


ablative singular (-e)

Lupus in magnô monte est.
Lupus in parvô colle est.
Iûlium cum magnô clâmôre vocat.
Patrem cum magnô clâmôre vocat.
Mâtrem cum magnô clâmôre vocat.
Pâstor cum cane suô ambulat.
Canis cum bonô pâstôre it.

Pâstor cum albâ ove it.
Canis cum nigrâ ove it.
Lupus procul ab ove est.
Puer in magnâ arbore est!
Caelum est sine nûbe.
Caelum est sine ûllâ nûbe.


ablative plural (-ibus)

Lupî in magnîs montibus sunt.
Ovês in parvîs collibus sunt.
Patrem cum magnîs clâmôribus vocant.
Mâtrem cum magnîs clâmôribus vocant.
Pâstôrês cum canibus suîs ambulant.
Canês cum bonîs pâstôribus eunt.

Pâstôrês cum albîs ovibus eunt.
Canês cum nigrîs ovibus eunt.
Lupus procul ab ovibus est.
Puerî in magnîs arboribus sunt!
Caelum est sine nûbibus.
Caelum est sine ûllîs nûbibus.
Caelum est cum multîs nûbibus.


dative singular (-î)

Iûlius cibum bonô pâstôrî dat.
Iûlius cibum magnô canî dat.

Pâstor cibum nigrae ovî dat.
Puella rosam bonae mâtrî dat.


dative plural (-ibus)

Iûlius cibum bonîs pâstôribus dat.
Iûlius cibum magnîs canibus dat.

Arbor umbram multîs ovibus dat.
Puellae rosâs mâtribus suîs dant.


genitive singular (-is)

Pânis est cibus pâstôris.
Herba est cibus ovis.
Umbra  magnae arboris  bona est.


We'll do the genitive plural another time!

How brave are you feeling?  Here are the above sentences in English.  Pick out a few, and see if you can translate them into Latin.  Although this goes against Orberg’s method, I find translating from English into Latin to be a great help. 

I realize only now that, in English, the word "sheep" can be either singular or plural.  The headings tell you whether the third declension nouns are singular or plural.  Still, sorry about that!


nominative singular (various endings)

large mountain
small hill
loud [“great”] shout
good shepherd
good father
good dog
white tooth

large tree
white sheep
white cloud
one cloud
good mother


nominative plural (-ês)

large mountains
small hills
loud (“great”) shouts
good shepherds
good fathers
good dogs
white teeth

large trees
black sheep
white sheep
white clouds
many clouds
good mothers


accusative singular (-em)

He sees a large mountain.
She sees a small hill.
He hears a loud shout.
They hear a loud shout.
The father has a good dog.
The shepherd eats bread.
The shepherd eats good bread.
The good shepherd eats good bread.

She sees a large tree.
They see a large tree.
The shepherd has a white sheep.
The shepherd has a black sheep.
The shepherd carries a small sheep.
The shepherd carries a black sheep.
He sees a white cloud.
He sees no cloud.
He has a good mother.


accusative plural (-ês)

He sees the large mountains.
She sees small hills.
He hears loud shouts.
Julius has good shepherds.
The shepherd has good dogs.
Wolves have white teeth.

She sees large trees.
The shepherd has white sheep.
The wolf is near the sheep [plural].
The shepherds see white clouds.
She sees many clouds.
He sees many trees.


ablative singular (-e)

A wolf is on the large mountain.
A wolf is on the small hill.
He calls Julius with a loud shout.
He calls his father with a loud shout.
He calls his mother with a loud shout.
The shepherd walks with his [own] dog.
The dog goes with the good shepherd.

The shepherd goes with a white sheep.
The dog goes with a black sheep.
The wolf is far from the sheep.
A boy is in the large tree!
The sky is without a cloud.
The sky is without any cloud.


ablative plural (-ibus)

Wolves are on the great mountains.
Sheep are on the small hills.
They call the father with loud shouts.
They call the mother with loud shouts.
The shepherds walk with their [own] dogs.
The dogs go with good shepherds.

The shepherds go with white sheep.
The dogs go with the black sheep.
The wolf is far from the sheep.
The boys are in the large trees!
The sky is without clouds.
The sky is without any clouds.
The sky is with many clouds.


dative singular (-î)

Julius gives food to the good shepherd.
Julius gives food to the large dog.

The shepherd gives food to the black sheep.
The girl gives a rose to her good mother.


dative plural (-ibus)

Julius gives food to the good shepherds.
Julius gives food to the large dogs.

The tree gives shade to many sheep.
The girls give roses to their [own] mothers.


genitive singular (-is)

Bread is the food of shepherds.
Grass is the food of sheep.
The shade of the large tree is good.